Hamsters, gerbils, and mice are among the most common pets with the most frequently unmet welfare needs.
Small mammals are often treated as low-commitment starter pets, but their needs are poorly understood by most owners. Hamsters require enriched, spacious enclosures with deep substrate for burrowing. Gerbils need companions. Guinea pigs are highly social and should never be kept alone. Suboptimal housing is endemic and causes chronic behavioral distress.