Walruses depend on sea ice for resting, nursing pups, and avoiding predators, and its rapid disappearance is creating dangerous welfare situations.
Walruses experience acute suffering in overcrowded land haul-outs created by sea ice loss. Calves are trampled in panicked stampedes. Extended swimming to feeding grounds exhausts adult females nursing calves. Climate-driven prey shifts mean walrus must dive deeper for food, increasing energy expenditure and physiological stress. This is a direct welfare consequence of global climate change.