Ravens and crows are highly intelligent corvids whose urban welfare depends on the availability of food, nesting sites, and freedom from persecution.
Urban corvids generally thrive but face specific welfare challenges. Deliberate poisoning to control urban crows causes prolonged suffering. Nesting disruption during breeding season causes reproductive failure and distress. Their intelligence means corvids that associate humans with negative experiences show persistent fear responses. Captured individuals used for wildlife research require careful handling as their cognitive sophistication means aversive experiences have lasting behavioral effects.