In many developing countries, donkeys transport heavy loads of construction materials with welfare challenges from overloading and inadequate care.
Working donkeys in construction material transport suffer from overloading causing spinal damage and joint problems. Hoof overgrowth from neglected care causes chronic lameness. Harness sores from poorly fitted equipment cause painful wounds. Many work with untreated wounds as owners cannot access veterinary care. Despite being essential economic assets, working donkeys are often seen as expendable rather than valued long-term partners. The welfare-productivity link means improving welfare directly benefits owners as healthy donkeys work better for longer.