Ostriches farmed in regions outside their native African climate face welfare challenges from temperature extremes, particularly heat stress.
Farmed ostriches in regions without adequate shade experience thermal stress during summer heat events. Their large body mass means heat dissipation is challenging even for a heat-adapted species. Heat stress causes reduced feed consumption, behavioral agitation, and reproductive failure. In extreme events, mortality from heat stroke occurs. Slaughter of birds during heat stress produces poor quality meat providing economic incentive alongside welfare reasons to manage heat properly. Shade structures and misting systems represent essential welfare infrastructure.