Reptiles are the third most popular category of pet worldwide, yet their complex needs are frequently misunderstood, leading to chronic welfare deficits in captivity.
Reptiles suffer from a mismatch between their complex physiological and behavioural needs and what most keepers provide. Incorrect temperatures impair immune function and digestion; inadequate UVB causes skeletal deformity; small enclosures prevent natural thermoregulatory behaviour. Reptiles also show fear and stress responses that owners often miss because the animals do not vocalise. Better education at point of sale and minimum enclosure standards are critical welfare interventions.