Animals in advertising campaigns face welfare risks from training methods, production stress, and the demand for specific performances that may require aversive conditioning.
Animal advertising welfare is less visible than film welfare because productions are shorter and less scrutinised. Yet the welfare concerns are parallel: training methods, production stress, and the use of fear-based responses as performance. A chimpanzee appearing to smile at a camera is frequently showing a fear grimace triggered by a threatening trainer just off-frame. Exotic animals used in advertising create demand that translates into the illegal pet trade for species shown. The digital alternatives available to filmmakers are equally available to advertisers; the barrier is preference for perceived authenticity rather than necessity.