Exercise is a welfare need for most companion animals, not merely a health recommendation, and understanding species-specific exercise requirements is essential for good companion animal stewardship.
Exercise welfare is about more than preventing obesity -- it addresses fundamental behavioural and psychological needs in companion animals. A border collie confined to a flat with two brief walks daily is in a state of profound unmet need; the same dog in a rural setting with daily extensive exercise and work is thriving. Understanding and meeting breed and individual exercise requirements is a core welfare responsibility of companion animal ownership. The same applies to cats: indoor cats without adequate play and movement develop frustration, weight gain, and chronic anxiety. Exercise welfare is not a luxury -- it is as fundamental as appropriate nutrition and veterinary care.