Free-range laying hen systems are often assumed to provide good welfare. The research evidence reveals a more nuanced picture where management quality is as important as system type.
The research on free-range hen welfare challenges the assumption that system type alone determines welfare outcomes. Management quality — including range quality, predator management, flock health monitoring, and indoor environment — is as important as whether outdoor access is provided. Hens that have good range but never use it because of predator pressure or range vegetation absence gain little benefit. Conversely, well-managed free-range systems with high range use, low predation, and good indoor facilities can provide excellent welfare. The welfare-conscious consumer should look for evidence of actual range use and management quality, not just the free-range label.