Live animal transport involves some of the highest welfare risks in the food chain, yet enforcement of transport regulations is chronically underfunded and inconsistent across jurisdictions and borders.
Transport welfare enforcement suffers from the same fundamental challenge as slaughter welfare — self-reporting systems create perverse incentives and inadequate accountability. Independent monitoring through on-board sensors tracking temperature, density, and journey duration, combined with mandatory data upload, offers a scalable enforcement solution. Consumer-facing certification that includes transport welfare is rare but represents a market-driven improvement mechanism that complements regulation.