Research into the gut microbiome of dogs and cats is revealing links between gut health, behaviour, immune function, and mental state — with implications for nutrition, welfare, and the treatment of common companion animal health problems.
Key Facts
Dogs and cats have distinct gut microbiome compositions that differ from humans and are shaped by diet, antibiotic exposure, and environment
Dysbiosis — disruption of normal microbiome balance — has been linked to inflammatory bowel disease, anxiety, and skin conditions in companion animals
Antibiotic treatment causes significant microbiome disruption that can persist for months, with potential welfare consequences
Probiotic and prebiotic supplements show promise for restoring microbiome balance following antibiotic treatment or dietary change
The gut-brain axis in companion animals parallels the human connection between gut health and mental wellbeing
Welfare Considerations
Companion animal microbiome science is rapidly moving from basic research to clinical application. Understanding that gut health influences behaviour and emotional state adds a new dimension to welfare assessment — a dog with chronic gastrointestinal dysbiosis may be experiencing persistent low-level distress that affects behaviour and quality of life. Minimising unnecessary antibiotic use, supporting microbiome-appropriate nutrition, and monitoring gut health as a welfare indicator are emerging best practices.
What You Can Do
Minimise unnecessary antibiotic use in companion animals and use probiotics during and after necessary antibiotic courses
Feed species-appropriate diets that support healthy gut microbiome composition in dogs and cats
Discuss gut health as a component of overall welfare assessment with your veterinarian at annual check-ups
Support research into the links between companion animal microbiome health, behaviour, and welfare outcomes