Long-distance live export of sheep raises severe welfare concerns during sea transport, with Australia and New Zealand facing sustained pressure to end or restrict the trade on welfare grounds.
Live sheep export is one of the most contentious animal welfare issues in Australian and New Zealand agriculture, with video evidence of heat stress deaths and overcrowded vessels generating significant public opposition. The fundamental welfare case against long-distance live export is clear: extended sea transport causes suffering that a chilled carcass trade does not. The economic argument for live export — that it maintains market access and price premiums — does not justify ongoing welfare harm when alternatives exist. The phase-out announced by Australia represents an important welfare advance, though transition timelines need to be maintained under industry pressure. Consumer engagement with the issue supports the political will needed to see the phase-out through.