Exercise needs vary dramatically between dog breeds, and mismatches between owner lifestyle and breed requirements cause chronic welfare problems from both under-exercise and over-exercise.
Exercise mismatches are one of the most common and preventable sources of canine welfare problems. A border collie in a small apartment with a sedentary owner and two 30-minute walks daily is not having its welfare needs met regardless of how much it is loved. The resulting frustration manifests as destructive behaviour, hyperactivity, anxiety and aggression — signs that are often attributed to breed character rather than recognising them as welfare signals of unmet need. Breed selection that honestly assesses exercise capacity and commitment is the most important welfare decision a prospective owner makes. Post-adoption breed-specific exercise guidance that includes both physical and mental activity is essential veterinary and shelter information.