Biofloc technology (BFT) is transforming intensive shrimp aquaculture — its welfare implications for shrimp require evaluation alongside environmental benefits.
Biofloc technology represents an interesting case where environmental benefits (reduced water use, lower antibiotic use) may or may not align with welfare outcomes for shrimp. Higher stocking densities in BFT systems could increase stress and aggression if not managed carefully, but the more stable water quality and reduced disease pressure may counterbalance these effects. The fundamental question of shrimp sentience and welfare remains scientifically active — increasing evidence suggests shrimp have nociceptive responses and behavioral indicators of stress that warrant taking their welfare seriously under a precautionary principle. The Shrimp Welfare Project is developing welfare indicators and working with BFT producers to identify management changes that benefit shrimp as well as producers and the environment.