Rabbit Myxomatosis: Disease, Welfare, and Management

Myxomatosis is a viral disease introduced to control wild rabbit populations that causes prolonged, distressing illness. Its welfare implications for both wild and domestic rabbits remain significant.

Key Facts

Myxomatosis was deliberately introduced into Australia in 1950 and reached the UK in 1953
The initial UK epizootic killed an estimated 99% of the wild rabbit population
Death from myxomatosis typically takes 10-14 days and involves severe swelling, blindness, and respiratory failure
Domestic rabbits can be vaccinated; wild rabbits have no access to veterinary intervention
A more virulent strain emerged in 2012, affecting previously resistant wild populations

Welfare Considerations

Myxomatosis causes one of the most prolonged and distressing deaths of any common wildlife disease. Wild rabbits suffering from myxomatosis are routinely found in gardens and countryside — many members of the public are uncertain whether to intervene. Humane killing of severely affected wild rabbits by a vet or trained person is widely considered the most welfare-positive option. Domestic rabbit vaccination is highly effective and should be standard practice for all pet owners in affected regions.

What You Can Do

Vaccinate your pet rabbits against myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease annually
Contact a wildlife rehabilitator or vet if you find a rabbit showing myxomatosis symptoms
Support wildlife charities that provide humane intervention for affected wild rabbits
Advocate for continued research into population management alternatives that avoid disease-based control