The lifespan of dogs varies dramatically between breeds due to selective breeding choices, with some breeds living twice as long as others. Shorter lifespans are often linked to inherited diseases and conformational problems that compromise welfare throughout the animal's life.
The selective breeding of dogs for extreme appearance traits has created a population of animals burdened with inherited disease and shortened lives. Dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome struggle to breathe their entire lives, often requiring corrective surgery to survive. Dogs with syringomyelia experience chronic neuropathic pain. The welfare cost of these breeding choices is paid entirely by the animals, who did not choose their conformation. Responsible breeding, health screening, and consumer choice toward healthier breeds or crossbreeds are essential welfare interventions.