Dairy goat farming has expanded rapidly globally. Intensive systems present distinctive welfare challenges for a species with strong social, foraging and climbing behavioural needs.
Dairy goat welfare in intensive systems reflects many of the same problems as intensive dairy cattle production, with additional species-specific challenges. Goats have strong vertical exploration instincts and suffer in flat, barren environments without climbing structures. Foot health is a significant concern in housed systems: goats kept on wet concrete develop foot problems that cause lameness and chronic pain. Social management matters greatly: goats establish clear dominance hierarchies and need adequate space to avoid persistent bullying. The welfare benchmark for dairy goat production includes adequate space for climbing and exploration, foot health monitoring and management, social stability and analgesia for any necessary surgical procedures.