Non-human primates used in research have complex social and cognitive needs. Recent advances in enrichment programs are significantly improving their welfare in laboratory environments.
Non-human primates are highly intelligent, social animals with sophisticated emotional lives. Laboratory housing traditionally failed to meet these needs, leading to stereotypies, self-injurious behavior, and psychological distress. Modern refinements include pair or group housing, naturalistic foraging opportunities, cognitive challenge through puzzle feeders, access to outdoor areas where possible, and positive reinforcement training for cooperative veterinary care. These refinements reduce stress and improve data quality, creating alignment between welfare and research goals. The field is moving toward replacing primate models with alternatives where scientifically valid.