Play behavior in dogs is a sensitive indicator of wellbeing, with healthy play frequency and quality reflecting good physical and mental health, while play deficits signal welfare problems.
The presence and quality of play is a reliable welfare window into a dog's internal state. Dogs that play enthusiastically are generally experiencing positive affect, while play deficits or abnormal play patterns can indicate pain, anxiety, fear, or social isolation. Play also provides physical exercise, mental stimulation, and social bonding that are independently important for welfare. Shelters and kennels that incorporate structured play sessions show improved behavioral outcomes and better adoption success, making play a practical welfare tool.