Commercial turkeys are bred for such rapid muscle growth that many cannot walk properly, mate naturally, or even survive without human intervention, representing a profound genetic welfare compromise.
Commercial turkey genetics represent one of the clearest examples of breeding for production at the expense of welfare. Birds selected for maximum breast muscle growth develop bodies that are fundamentally compromised for normal living. Mobility problems mean many birds cannot reach food and water, causing chronic pain and starvation risk. Cardiovascular strain causes sudden death as hearts cannot keep pace with rapidly growing bodies. The welfare case for heritage breed turkeys — and for reducing turkey consumption — is clear given the scale and severity of these breeding-related harms.