Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing disease) in dogs causes chronic cortisol excess that produces a constellation of distressing signs affecting quality of life across multiple body systems.
Cushing disease imposes a significant welfare burden through both primary disease effects and secondary complications. Chronic cortisol excess causes muscle wasting that leaves dogs physically weak and unable to exercise normally. Skin becomes thin and fragile, bruising easily and healing poorly. Pot-bellied appearance from muscle wasting and organ enlargement causes obvious physical discomfort and altered posture. Polydipsia and polyuria mean dogs must urinate frequently, causing anxiety when access is unavailable. Behavioural changes including lethargy and reduced engagement are common. Recurrent skin and urinary infections cause repeated discomfort and require repeated treatment. Medical management with trilostane requires careful monitoring because over-suppression of cortisol production causes an acute life-threatening Addisonian crisis. Despite these complexities, well-managed dogs can achieve good quality of life with appropriate treatment.