The finishing phase of pig production — the final weeks before slaughter — involves high stocking densities and increased competition that create significant welfare risks requiring active management to address.
The finishing phase concentrates welfare risks as pigs reach maximum stocking density in fixed housing. Space per pig decreases as animals grow, increasing competition and social tension. Thermal comfort becomes harder to maintain as large groups of heavy pigs generate more body heat. Respiratory pathogens spread more efficiently in high-density environments. Tail biting peaks during this period, with injuries that cause pain and secondary infection. The final journey to slaughter introduces a cascade of new stressors: loading, transport, lairage at the abattoir, and unfamiliar environments. Welfare-focused management of the finishing phase including adequate enrichment, prompt treatment of injuries, and low-stress transport and handling practices substantially reduces suffering at this critical final stage.