Proboscis monkeys depend on mangrove and riverine forest in Borneo that continues to be lost to agriculture, logging, and coastal development.
Proboscis monkeys restricted to forest fragments face reduced foraging opportunities, increased travel stress, and social disruption from small isolated groups. Their specialized digestive systems adapted to leaf-heavy diets make them unable to subsist on agricultural crops, meaning habitat loss creates genuine starvation risk. Mangrove protection directly improves conditions for this highly specialized species.