Small-scale pig farming systems vary enormously in their welfare outcomes. Some offer genuine welfare advantages over industrial production; others replicate intensive system problems at smaller scale.
Small-scale pig farming occupies a complex position in animal welfare discussions. The romantic image of a few pigs in a field does not guarantee high welfare — neglect, inadequate veterinary care, and poor management can produce poor outcomes at any scale. The most welfare-positive small-scale systems combine good management, veterinary access, appropriate enrichment, and genuine outdoor access. Consumers buying direct from small producers have an opportunity to assess welfare directly, which is a real advantage over anonymous supply chains.