Sheep shearing is a necessary practice for most domestic sheep breeds, but the manner in which it is conducted significantly affects welfare outcomes, with poor technique causing injuries and distress.
Well-executed shearing by skilled operators can be conducted with minimal welfare impact and is beneficial for heavily woolled sheep who would suffer heat stress and mobility problems without it. However, the speed incentives in commercial shearing, where shearers are paid per animal, create pressure toward rough and injurious handling. Mulesing causes acute and chronic pain and is opposed by major animal welfare organizations. The welfare of wool sheep is also affected by year-round conditions including lameness rates, parasite burden, and outdoor access.