Brown bears at salmon fishing sites like Katmai are in competition for resources during a critical pre-hibernation period when body condition determines survival.
Bears unable to access prime fishing spots during the salmon run arrive at hibernation with insufficient fat reserves, increasing mortality risk during winter. Dominant bears that defend prime spots also expend energy on social conflict with competitors. Human disturbance that displaces bears from productive fishing locations during the critical hyperphagia period can reduce survival probability. Careful visitor management that prioritizes bear welfare during this period is essential.