Dairy sheep production for milk, yoghurt, and cheese occurs worldwide but welfare standards vary enormously. Understanding the specific welfare needs of dairy sheep breeds and production systems enables informed consumer choices and advocacy.
Dairy sheep welfare challenges parallel those of dairy cattle: annual reproductive cycling, calf separation distress, nutritional demands of high milk yield, and health problems associated with intensive production. However, sheep welfare receives considerably less research attention and regulatory focus. Ewe-lamb separation causes documented distress vocalisation in both parties. High-producing ewes are nutritionally vulnerable during late gestation and early lactation. Lameness — primarily caused by foot rot and scald — is a welfare priority requiring regular foot inspection and treatment. Consumers who choose sheep dairy products should apply the same welfare scrutiny as they do to bovine dairy, including asking about separation practices, health management, and outdoor access.