Dairy and meat goat welfare standards are less developed than cattle or pig welfare standards, leaving significant welfare gaps in commercial goat farming.
Goats confined in intensive indoor systems are unable to perform the full range of natural behaviors including climbing, exploration, and complex social interactions. The relative underdevelopment of goat-specific welfare standards means that even well-intentioned producers lack clear guidance. Research-based welfare recommendations for goats and consumer awareness of goat welfare issues would drive industry improvement.