Guinea pig (cuy) farming is a centuries-old tradition in the Andean highlands of South America that is growing both domestically and internationally, raising welfare questions about housing, handling, and slaughter of an animal well-known in Western countries as a pet.
Guinea pig welfare in farming systems depends heavily on the production context. Traditional small-scale kitchen-based systems where animals live in family groups with relatively free movement have better welfare profiles than emerging commercial cage systems where space, enrichment, and social grouping may be inadequate. As export demand drives commercialization and intensification, there is a real risk that welfare deteriorates in pursuit of scale efficiency. Guinea pigs are social, vocal, and active animals with behavioral needs that are not met by bare cage housing. Welfare concerns include inadequate social grouping, restricted movement, inappropriate diet, and inconsistent or painful slaughter methods. The growth of this industry warrants attention from animal welfare organizations that have historically focused on other species.