Sheep Contagious Ovine Digital Dermatitis

Contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) is an emerging and extremely painful lameness condition of sheep that causes severe lesions beginning at the coronary band and can result in complete hoof loss if untreated.

Key Facts

CODD was first described in the UK in 1997 and has since spread across Europe and beyond
It is caused by Treponema bacteria similar to those responsible for bovine digital dermatitis
The condition begins with an ulcerative lesion at the coronary band and can progress to detach the entire hoof horn
Affected sheep hold the foot off the ground and are reluctant to walk, causing welfare emergency
Antibiotic oxytetracycline spray is the main treatment but requires individual animal identification
Flock management including footbathing, biosecurity, and culling of chronic cases reduces prevalence
CODD spreads rapidly through flocks via contaminated soil, water, and foot contact

Welfare Considerations

CODD is one of the most painful lameness conditions in sheep. The ulcerative lesion at the coronary band exposes sensitive underlying tissue, and in advanced cases the entire hoof capsule is lost — exposing the pedal bone. Sheep are prey animals that naturally suppress signs of pain, yet with CODD even stoic individuals are visibly lame, refusing to bear weight and unable to compete for food. The risk of being predated keeps affected sheep moving despite severe pain. Early treatment with antibiotic spray is effective, but mass treatment of flocks requires excellent stock-handling facilities. Prevention through biosecurity — particularly careful quarantine of purchased sheep — is far more achievable than control once established.

What You Can Do

Quarantine all bought-in sheep for at least 4 weeks before mixing with your flock
Inspect feet of all purchased sheep carefully before introduction
Treat any lame sheep promptly and consult your vet if CODD is suspected
Support research into effective CODD vaccines currently under development
Advocate for CODD to be included in routine farm assurance lameness auditing