Bovine respiratory syncytial virus is a leading cause of severe respiratory disease in young cattle, causing significant suffering and mortality particularly in housed calves.
BRSV causes genuine respiratory distress in affected calves — laboured breathing, coughing, and fever represent significant acute suffering. Secondary bacterial pneumonia worsens the welfare burden and increases mortality risk. Early detection is challenging because calves, as prey animals, mask illness signs until disease is advanced. Pen-level assessment tools and calf health scoring systems help identify affected individuals before they deteriorate severely. Preventive vaccination, good ventilation, appropriate stocking density, and colostrum management are the most effective welfare protections. Prompt antibiotic treatment of secondary bacterial infections and adequate analgesia for febrile, painful calves are essential welfare measures once disease occurs.