Commercial turkeys have been selectively bred for extreme rapid growth that causes painful skeletal and cardiovascular disorders, with welfare demands peaking around holiday production seasons.
Commercial turkey welfare is profoundly compromised by decades of selection for extreme rapid growth. The birds' bodies are fundamentally stressed by carrying excessive muscle mass on skeletal and cardiovascular systems that have not co-evolved at the same pace. Lameness is common and causes chronic pain. Breast blisters from inability to stand comfortably are widespread. The inability to mate naturally is a remarkable indicator of how far breeding has pushed these birds beyond their natural biology. Holiday production peaks add acute stress through rushed catching, handling, and transport. Heritage breed turkeys demonstrate that much of this suffering is the result of breeding decisions, not inherent to the species.