Force feeding ducks and geese to enlarge their livers for foie gras production is banned in several countries due to the severe welfare harm caused, and alternatives including ethical foie gras are being developed.
Force feeding for foie gras production causes unambiguous welfare harm. The gavage process itself causes physical trauma to the esophagus and throat, and the extreme hepatic steatosis that results is a pathological condition that would cause the animals to die if they were not slaughtered first. Ducks and geese in gavage typically show reduced locomotion, increased panting, and difficulty swallowing — behaviours consistent with significant discomfort. The welfare case for banning the practice is among the strongest available for any farmed animal procedure. Consumer choices to avoid foie gras and support bans are among the most direct welfare interventions individual consumers can make.