Arabian camels (dromedaries) are remarkably adapted to arid environments, but working camels face welfare challenges from overloading, poor husbandry, and inadequate veterinary care in many regions.
Working camels frequently suffer from saddle sores, foot problems caused by trekking on unsuitable surfaces, overloading injuries, and untreated wounds and parasites — often because owners lack resources or knowledge for appropriate care. The shift to robot jockeys in camel racing eliminated child labour welfare violations but has not addressed the welfare of the camels themselves, who experience high-intensity training and restrictive housing. Zoo camels used for rides may experience repeated handling stress, disruption of social bonds, and physical strain from carrying riders. Welfare improvement depends on owner education, access to veterinary care, appropriate load limits, regular rest, and social housing that respects the camel's gregarious nature.