Litter quality in broiler chicken sheds has a direct and measurable impact on bird welfare, particularly foot pad dermatitis — a painful condition affecting millions of birds globally each year.
Litter quality represents one of the most manageable and impactful welfare variables in broiler production. When litter becomes wet and compacted — often due to drinker leaks, high stocking density, or inadequate ventilation — ammonia concentrations rise and caustic compounds damage the skin of birds' feet. Mild FPD causes discomfort; severe cases result in deep ulcers and chronic pain affecting gait and behaviour. Birds with severe FPD spend more time lying down, reducing feed and water access, which compounds welfare problems. Producers who monitor and manage litter quality actively — through ventilation, drinker maintenance, and appropriate stocking densities — can dramatically reduce FPD prevalence. Consumer and retailer pressure for welfare-certified chicken has driven meaningful improvements in litter management across supply chains.