Lice infestations are among the most common ectoparasite problems in cattle, causing significant welfare harm through skin irritation, blood loss, and production losses — yet they remain under-recognised on many farms.
Louse infestations cause sustained and significant welfare harm that is often underestimated because affected cattle may not show dramatic distress signs. The constant irritation from biting lice disrupts rest and feeding behaviour; sucking lice cause pain at attachment sites and, in heavy infestations, meaningful blood loss. Cattle that are rubbing excessively develop skin lesions and secondary infections that compound discomfort. The psychological burden of persistent irritation — analogous to chronic pruritus in humans — reduces quality of life even when production metrics remain acceptable. Early detection through regular coat examination, particularly in housed cattle over winter, allows prompt treatment before infestations become severe. Strategic use of effective treatments at housing reduces peak louse burdens and improves welfare across the housed period.