Copper-associated hepatopathy is an increasingly recognised cause of liver disease in dogs, with strong breed predispositions and important dietary and genetic components that affect long-term welfare.
Copper-associated hepatopathy causes progressive and often insidious liver disease that significantly impairs welfare before it is recognised. The liver has substantial reserve capacity, meaning dogs may appear well while severe copper accumulation and inflammation are occurring. By the time clinical signs emerge — loss of appetite, weight loss, yellowing of the eyes and skin — disease is often advanced. The chronic nature of the condition means affected dogs may experience subclinical discomfort, reduced vitality, and nausea for extended periods. Early screening of predisposed breeds through liver enzymes and, where indicated, liver biopsy allows intervention before irreversible damage occurs. Breed-level genetic testing and responsible breeding away from copper accumulation predispositions offer the best long-term welfare outcomes for affected populations.