Giant anteaters are fascinating but demanding zoo animals whose highly specialised diet, low metabolic rate, and unique behavioural repertoire create specific welfare challenges that require expert husbandry.
Giant anteater welfare in zoos is shaped by the mismatch between their highly evolved specialisations and the constraints of captive environments. Their long, toothless snout and extensible tongue are exquisitely adapted to extracting insects from defended colonies — a behaviour that occupies hours of daily activity in the wild. In captivity, feeding can be completed rapidly with prepared diets, leaving large periods of behavioural inactivity. High-quality welfare provision involves puzzle feeders, foraging substrates with hidden food items, and slow-release feeding devices that extend the time spent in foraging behaviour. Their low metabolic rate makes them susceptible to temperature extremes — temperature management is critical. The powerful claws that allow termite mound excavation are also dangerous to keepers; safe handling protocols are essential for both animal and human safety. Breeding management must accommodate the extended period of maternal care.