Mud Fever in Horses: Prevention and Welfare Management

Mud fever, or pastern dermatitis, causes painful skin lesions on the lower limbs of horses kept in wet muddy conditions. Prevention through field management and prompt treatment significantly reduces this common welfare problem.

Key Facts

Mud fever is caused by a combination of bacteria, most commonly Dermatophilus congolensis, in wet, softened skin
The condition is most prevalent during wet autumn and winter months when fields become poached
Signs include crusty scabs on the pasterns and heels, swelling, heat, pain, and lameness in severe cases
Heavy feathered breeds including Clydesdales and Shires are particularly susceptible due to moisture retention
Barrier products including zinc oxide creams can protect vulnerable skin during high-risk periods
Treatment requires removal of scabs, antiseptic washing, and barrier dressings in severe cases
Secondary infection can cause severe cellulitis requiring systemic antibiotic treatment

Welfare Considerations

Horses with mud fever experience significant pain from inflamed, ulcerated pastern skin — affected horses may be reluctant to move, show resentment of leg handling, and develop lameness as the condition progresses. Severe cases cause marked limb swelling and systemic illness. Prevention is far preferable to treatment — field management that reduces mud exposure through sacrifice areas, track systems, or rotational grazing significantly reduces incidence. Removing feathering during high-risk periods in predisposed breeds allows early detection and improved barrier cream application.

What You Can Do

Create a sacrifice area or track system to reduce mud exposure for horses during wet seasons
Check legs daily during muddy conditions — early detection prevents mild cases becoming severe
Apply barrier creams to vulnerable skin on horses with white legs or heavy feathering during high-risk periods
Never remove scabs dry — soften first with warm water and antiseptic solution to avoid pain and bleeding
Seek veterinary advice for any mud fever with significant swelling, heat, or lameness