Wild duck populations depend on wetland habitats that are declining dramatically, affecting both population viability and individual duck welfare.
Ducks deprived of adequate wetland habitat face reduced food security, nesting failure, and increased predation vulnerability. Habitat loss is the primary driver of long-term duck population trends. Individual ducks attempting to nest in degraded or absent wetland habitats face increased failure rates and associated reproductive stress. Wetland conservation directly improves the welfare of millions of individual ducks.