The design of farrowing systems profoundly affects welfare outcomes for both sows and piglets, with ongoing research and development of alternatives to farrowing crates.
Farrowing crate welfare involves a genuine trade-off between protecting piglets from crushing and providing sow freedom of movement. Research into alternative systems has developed designs that protect piglets while allowing sow movement through nest design, pen layout, and careful management. These systems demonstrate that welfare improvements for sows are achievable while maintaining acceptable piglet mortality.