Farrowing crates severely restrict sow movement and natural maternal behaviour. The transition to alternative systems is one of the most significant and complex challenges in pig welfare reform.
Farrowing crates impose profound welfare costs on sows — the inability to perform nest-building, turn, or move freely constitutes severe behavioural deprivation during a physiologically and psychologically demanding period. Sow frustration is measurable and persistent throughout confinement. The welfare case for ending routine farrowing crate use is compelling. The practical challenges are real but surmountable — demonstrated by countries that have already made the transition successfully.