Okapi are rare forest-dwelling relatives of giraffes found only in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Zoos play a critical conservation role for this endangered species, but their highly specialised ecology creates significant welfare challenges in captivity.
Okapi welfare in zoos depends critically on replicating key aspects of their forest habitat. As solitary and naturally shy animals, exposure to high visitor densities causes chronic stress; zoos must provide reliable off-exhibit retreat areas. Their nutritional needs are complex — access to browse variety including multiple tree and shrub species is necessary to support gut health and prevent stereotypic oral behaviours. Social housing is generally not recommended except during breeding, as forced proximity causes conflict and stress. Thermoregulation is critical: okapi are highly cold-sensitive and require heated indoor spaces in temperate climates. Mother-calf bonds are critical in early development, and human interference must be minimised during the first weeks of life to prevent imprinting disruption.