Atlantic halibut farming is growing rapidly, but this flatfish species presents distinctive welfare challenges related to its size, behaviour, and specific environmental requirements.
Halibut farming is still developing its welfare standards, and many facilities have not yet optimised rearing conditions for this species' specific needs. The benthic lifestyle of halibut means flat-panel tank inserts or appropriate floor space are welfare necessities, not luxuries. Malpigmentation — when the white underside of a flatfish develops dark patches — is a well-established welfare indicator linked to inappropriate substrate and light conditions. Early feeding challenges during the larval phase contribute to high mortality rates in poorly managed hatcheries. As halibut aquaculture expands, establishing and enforcing species-specific welfare standards from hatchery through slaughter is critical.