Retired horses have specific welfare needs that differ from working animals. Appropriate social housing, dental and hoof care, weight management, and veterinary support enable horses to experience good later lives.
Retired horse welfare is a growing concern as more horses live beyond their working years and owners face the cost of non-productive animals. The welfare challenges of equine retirement are distinct from working life: reduced exercise capacity requires dietary adjustment to prevent obesity and associated laminitis; arthritis and dental disease require ongoing veterinary management; and the loss of working routine can remove positive stimulation if not replaced. Social companionship is a fundamental requirement — retired horses kept alone show elevated stress and stereotypic behaviour regardless of physical health. Companion animals (other horses, donkeys, or suitable alternative species) significantly improve welfare outcomes. Grazing access — restricted as needed for metabolic management but not eliminated — enables expression of the foraging motivation that underpins equine wellbeing. Quality-of-life assessment using objective criteria helps owners distinguish between manageable chronic conditions and suffering that indicates timely euthanasia is the most welfare-positive option.