Keel Bone Fractures in Laying Hens

Keel bone fractures are one of the most prevalent and underrecognised welfare problems in commercial egg production, affecting hens in cage-free, barn, and aviary systems.

Key Facts

Studies show 50-80% of laying hens in cage-free systems have keel bone fractures by end of lay
Fractures cause chronic pain and are linked to reduced activity and altered movement
Hens rarely show overt signs of pain, making the condition easy to overlook
High perch heights without adequate ramps increase fracture risk from falls
Genetics, nutrition (calcium and vitamin D), and housing design all influence fracture rates
Selective breeding for heavier bodies and high egg production increases skeletal vulnerability

Welfare Considerations

Keel bone fractures represent a significant and chronic pain burden for laying hens that has worsened as the industry moved away from cages without adequately addressing skeletal health. The keel bone supports flight muscles and bears considerable mechanical load. Fractures heal poorly under commercial conditions and impair movement and perching behaviour. Addressing this welfare issue requires a combination of genetics reform, housing design improvements, and better monitoring protocols on farm.

What You Can Do

Choose eggs from producers participating in breed welfare improvement programmes
Support research organisations focused on laying hen skeletal health
Ask egg suppliers about their policies on perch height, ramp availability, and fracture monitoring
Advocate for mandatory on-farm welfare assessment that includes keel bone scoring
Consider plant-based alternatives to eggs to reduce demand for commercial laying systems