Donkeys are used as working animals by millions of people in low- and middle-income countries. Their welfare is often severely compromised by overloading, poor nutrition, and inadequate veterinary care.
Working donkeys in low-income settings frequently experience chronic welfare compromise across multiple domains simultaneously: pain from wounds and hoof problems, hunger from inadequate feed, thirst from restricted water access, and overwork without adequate rest. Their stoic nature means severe conditions are often overlooked. Community-based welfare programmes that train owners in basic donkey health care, provide access to farriery and veterinary services, and improve harness design have demonstrated sustained welfare improvements. These programmes also benefit the livelihoods of families who depend on donkey working capacity.