Cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is the feline equivalent of dementia, affecting a significant proportion of older cats. Recognising and managing it improves welfare in their final years.
Cognitive dysfunction syndrome in cats causes genuine subjective distress. Cats with advanced CDS appear confused, may not recognise familiar people or environments, vocalise in distress particularly at night (suggesting disorientation in the dark), and lose the social and environmental engagement that characterises a good quality of life. The condition is progressive and incurable, but its welfare impact can be managed through environmental modifications that reduce disorientation (night lights, maintaining consistent routines and layouts), pain management for co-occurring conditions, and careful monitoring of quality of life to guide end-of-life decisions. Many cats with early CDS can be supported in comfortable, engaged lives for extended periods with appropriate management.