African pygmy hedgehogs have become popular exotic pets, but their specific needs for space, warmth, and nocturnal activity are frequently unmet, leading to serious welfare problems.
Hedgehog welfare in captivity is frequently compromised by enclosures that are too small, too cold, and too barren. The nocturnal wheel-running behaviour of hedgehogs is not optional enrichment but a fundamental biological need — without a large wheel, hedgehogs become obese, develop metabolic disease, and show frustration behaviours. Temperature regulation is critical: cold hedgehogs enter a dangerous pseudo-hibernation state that can be fatal. Many commercially available hedgehog cages are inadequately sized; minimum 1 m x 0.6 m floor space with deep substrate is recommended. Wobbly hedgehog syndrome — a fatal neurological condition prevalent in captive lines — raises concerns about breeding practices. Prospective owners should research needs thoroughly and source from reputable breeders committed to health screening.