Colic — abdominal pain in horses — ranges from mild discomfort to life-threatening surgical emergencies, making it the leading cause of horse death and a major welfare concern.
Colic causes acute and often severe pain in horses. During severe episodes, horses may roll violently — risking injury from thrashing — in attempts to relieve abdominal discomfort. Without veterinary pain management, colic pain can be extreme and sustained. The economic barrier to colic surgery means many horses with surgically correctable conditions are euthanised for financial rather than welfare reasons. Prevention through appropriate management — consistent forage-based diet, fresh water access, regular turnout, and gradual dietary transitions — significantly reduces colic incidence. Owner education about when to call a vet versus monitor is critical for timely welfare intervention.